{"id":81,"date":"2020-09-17T15:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T13:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mei.ms-dev.it\/?page_id=81"},"modified":"2022-03-10T12:01:57","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T11:01:57","slug":"brate-puternice-si-munca-grea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/il-lavoro\/braccia-robuste-e-lavori-pesanti\/","title":{"rendered":"Bra\u021be puternice \u0219i munc\u0103 grea"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Emigran\u021bii, \u00een majoritate \u021b\u0103rani, se angajau \u0219i \u00een munci agricole \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate - dar numai dac\u0103 erau for\u021ba\u021bi -, participau la defri\u0219area sau recuperarea terenurilor necultivate, se angajau ca muncitori necalifica\u021bi la construc\u021bia marilor c\u0103i de comunica\u021bie, a c\u0103ilor ferate, a celor mai mari proiecte de construc\u021bii \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, la muncile grele din mine. Istoricul Rudolph Vecoli scrie despre ei c\u0103 au ajuns \"cu lopata \u0219i t\u00e2rn\u0103copul\".<\/p>\n<p>Se \u0219tie c\u0103 aproximativ jum\u0103tate dintre to\u021bi emigran\u021bii s-au \u00eentors definitiv \u00een Italia. Dac\u0103 ne referim, ca exemplu, la Statele Unite, \"campania de emigrare\" a cincizeci la sut\u0103 dintre b\u0103rba\u021bii care au plecat a durat doar c\u00e2\u021biva ani.<\/p>\n<p>Alegerea lor a avut aproape \u00eentotdeauna urm\u0103toarele caracteristici: refuzul de a cunoa\u0219te \u021bara \u00een care au sosit, deci nici o integrare \u0219i o cunoa\u0219tere minim\u0103 a limbii; economisirea c\u00e2t mai mult posibil \u0219i \u00een cel mai scurt timp pentru a gr\u0103bi \u00eentoarcerea; acceptarea, ca urmare, nu doar a unui volum de munc\u0103 exagerat, ci \u0219i a unui nivel de trai pe care a-l numi spartan este pu\u021bin spus. \u00cen mod firesc, mul\u021bi au repetat aceste sejururi de mai multe ori, facilita\u021bi \u00een acest sens de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea condi\u021biilor de c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te timpul necesar pentru traversare.<\/p>\n<p>Zona de origine a condus la anumite meserii. Dac\u0103 lu\u0103m ca exemplu exodul spre Australia, se poate observa c\u0103 emigran\u021bii din zonele muntoase s-au orientat spre exploatarea forestier\u0103 sau au devenit t\u0103ietori de trestie de zah\u0103r \u00een Australia de Vest; cei din zonele de c\u00e2mpie s-au orientat spre agricultur\u0103 sau au intrat \u00een sectorul ter\u021biar.<\/p>\n<p>O \"voca\u021bie\" precis\u0103 \u00een alegerea rutelor de migra\u021bie poate fi observat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Europa: direc\u021bia fluxului se \u00eendrepta spre \u021b\u0103rile vestice sau estice \u00een func\u021bie de pozi\u021bia geografic\u0103 a regiunilor de origine: din Piemont se \u00eendreptau spre Fran\u021ba, iar din Veneto spre Imperiul Austro-Ungar.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-il-lavoro\"><li id=\"menu-item-410\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/\">Activitatea<\/a>\n<ul>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-416\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/pe-strada-vanzatorii-ambulanti-si-copiii\/\">Pe strad\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103tori ambulan\u021bi \u0219i copii<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-411\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/brate-puternice-si-munca-grea\/\">Bra\u021be puternice \u0219i munc\u0103 grea<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-415\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/lucrari-marete-si-averi-remarcabile\/\">Lucr\u0103ri m\u0103re\u021be \u0219i averi remarcabile<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-413\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/femei-fragile\/\">Femei \"fragile<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-414\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/magazine-si-magazine\/\">Magazine \u0219i magazine<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-412\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/munca\/de-la-scullions-la-maestri\/\">De la scullions la mae\u0219tri<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gli emigranti, in gran parte contadini, si impegnarono anche all&#8217;estero &#8211; ma soltanto se costretti &#8211; nei lavori agricoli, parteciparono al disboscamento o alla bonifica di terreni incolti, si impiegarono, come manodopera non qualificata, nella realizzazione delle grandi vie di comunicazione, delle ferrovie, delle pi\u00f9 grandiose opere edilizie e, infine, nel pesante lavoro delle miniere. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":77,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-81","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3191,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions\/3191"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}