{"id":40,"date":"2020-09-17T15:34:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T13:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mei.ms-dev.it\/?page_id=40"},"modified":"2022-03-07T21:54:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T20:54:38","slug":"de-litalie-dans-le-monde","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/dallitalia-nel-mondo\/","title":{"rendered":"De l'Italie au monde"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L'\u00e9migration italienne a dur\u00e9 des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies du XIXe si\u00e8cle jusqu'aux ann\u00e9es 1970 et s'est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une dispersion g\u00e9ographique dans le monde entier. Ce que l'on appelle les \"facteurs d'expulsion\" concernaient l'agriculture, menac\u00e9e par les importations bon march\u00e9 de bl\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain et d'autres c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, la concurrence de certains pays europ\u00e9ens dans le commerce du p\u00e9trole et du vin et, surtout dans les r\u00e9gions m\u00e9ridionales, l'extension des latifundia et la pratique de techniques culturales primitives.<\/p>\n<p>La valise est depuis longtemps le symbole de l'\u00e9migration. Avant la valise, il y avait le \"baluchon\" : un morceau de tissu, au mieux un ch\u00e2le, dans lequel on enveloppait des objets que l'on emportait avec soi dans son nouveau pays. Le mot \"infagottare\" est largement utilis\u00e9 au sens figur\u00e9 : couvrir, v\u00eatir, emmitoufler une personne avec des v\u00eatements, des \u00e9toffes lourdes et abondantes, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 en faire un baluchon. Sur certaines des photos publi\u00e9es ici, on peut voir des femmes \"emmitoufl\u00e9es\" ; elles sont elles-m\u00eames des bagages dans la mesure o\u00f9 elles portent plus de v\u00eatements, en plusieurs couches, afin de ne pas laisser leurs biens, pauvres et donc pr\u00e9cieux, sans surveillance dans les soutes.<\/p>\n<p>Et dans le paquet, ou dans la valise, il y avait tout un \"monde\" : des souvenirs de la famille maintenant \u00e9loign\u00e9e, un mot pour un parent ou un compatriote, parfois une lettre d'introduction pour quelqu'un qui, esp\u00e9rait-on, pourrait apporter de l'aide, de la nourriture, un instrument de musique... tout un monde, en effet.<\/p>\n<p>Et aussi, pour les plus pr\u00e9voyants, un vocabulaire \"\u00e0 faire soi-m\u00eame\". Dans les archives Cresci, il existe un livret de vocabulaire anglais, dans lequel on peut lire des phrases telles que : \"Ianmen, ai nide bai santin ciu it, iu uil scio mi becher sciop Giovanotto, io abbisogno comprare qualche cosa da mangiare, voi volete mostrare me bettiere bottega\".<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/foto-stazione6-1280x1010-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c9migrants quittant une gare, 1908\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1010\" width=\"1280\" title=\"foto-stazione6-1280x1010\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\">\n\t\t\u00c9migrants quittant une gare, 1908\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LES RAISONS DU D\u00c9PART - L&#039;\u00e9migration italienne\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JvOygYcQpMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-dallitalia-nel-mondo\"><li id=\"menu-item-221\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/\">De l'Italie au monde<\/a>\n<ul>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/les-causes-de-depart\/\">Les causes de d\u00e9part<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-223\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/documents-a-quitter\/\">Documents de sortie<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-222\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/agents-de-demigration\/\">Agents d'\u00e9migration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-225\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/guides-pour-les-emigrants\/\">Guides pour les \u00e9migrants<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/de-litalie-dans-le-monde\/pour-lemigrant\/\">Pour l'\u00e9migrant<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;emigrazione italiana si \u00e8 protratta dagli ultimi decenni dell&#8217; Ottocento sino agli anni Settanta del Novecento ed \u00e8 stata caratterizzata da una dispersione geografica in tutto il mondo. Quelli che vengono definiti &#8220;fattori di espulsione&#8221; riguardavano l&#8217;agricoltura, minacciata dalle importazioni a basso prezzo di grano americano e di altri cereali, dalla concorrenza di alcuni paesi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3111,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions\/3111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}