{"id":59,"date":"2020-09-17T15:38:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T13:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mei.ms-dev.it\/?page_id=59"},"modified":"2022-03-10T10:47:19","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T09:47:19","slug":"en-tren","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/il-viaggio\/in-treno\/","title":{"rendered":"En tren"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El viaje -es decir, el tiempo que se tarda en llegar al pa\u00eds de destino- es el elemento simb\u00f3lico de todo el proceso migratorio, del desprendimiento de un \"antes\" -conocido y querido, aunque insatisfactorio- para llegar a un \"despu\u00e9s\" -sin duda atractivo, pero casi completamente desconocido-. Es un momento tan dif\u00edcil de vivir como los puntos de inflexi\u00f3n en la vida de cualquier persona.<\/p>\n<p>Para muchos emigrantes italianos, el tren era el principal medio para llegar a los grandes puertos de emigraci\u00f3n nacionales y europeos: G\u00e9nova, N\u00e1poles, Palermo, El Havre... Al igual que los barcos, los trenes y las estaciones de ferrocarril se convirtieron, a partir de mediados del siglo XIX, en el s\u00edmbolo de la separaci\u00f3n sufrida por las familias, que se desped\u00edan acompa\u00f1ando a sus seres queridos a la estaci\u00f3n de ferrocarril cuando part\u00edan hacia sus puertos de embarque. El emigrante Pascal D'Angelo escribe: \"O\u00ed el rugido del tren -ni mulas ni caballos para arrastrarlo- y luego el apret\u00f3n de mi padre inst\u00e1ndome a subir al vag\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>A ra\u00edz de las pol\u00edticas de restricci\u00f3n de la inmigraci\u00f3n aplicadas por los pa\u00edses de ultramar, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial se a\u00f1adieron nuevos destinos a los flujos migratorios italianos, dirigidos ahora hacia los pa\u00edses del centro y norte de Europa. As\u00ed, empezaron a cruzar Europa trenes cargados de emigrantes que llevaban a millones de italianos a Par\u00eds, Bruselas, Stuttgart, Z\u00farich...<\/p>\n<p>A partir de los a\u00f1os setenta, los trenes se convirtieron tambi\u00e9n en el s\u00edmbolo de la emigraci\u00f3n interna, del sur al norte industrializado de Italia, donde los principales destinos pasaron a ser el tri\u00e1ngulo industrial G\u00e9nova-Mil\u00e1n-Tur\u00edn.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-il-viaggio\"><li id=\"menu-item-398\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/el-viaje\/\">El viaje<\/a>\n<ul>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-399\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/el-viaje\/a-la-espera-de-la-salida\/\">A la espera de la salida<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-401\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/el-viaje\/en-tren\/\">En tren<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/el-viaje\/por-barco\/\">Por barco<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-402\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/el-viaje\/centros-de-atencion\/\">Centros de asistencia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il viaggio &#8211; il tempo cio\u00e8 che si impiega per raggiungere il paese di destinazione &#8211; \u00e8 l&#8217;elemento simbolo di tutto il processo migratorio, del distacco da un &#8220;prima&#8221; &#8211; conosciuto e amato, bench\u00e9 insoddisfacente &#8211; per raggiungere un &#8220;dopo&#8221; &#8211; sicuramente attraente ma quasi del tutto ignoto. E&#8217; un tempo difficile da vivere come [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":53,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-59","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3167,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions\/3167"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}