{"id":40,"date":"2020-09-17T15:34:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T13:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mei.ms-dev.it\/?page_id=40"},"modified":"2022-03-07T21:54:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T20:54:38","slug":"de-italia-en-el-mundo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/dallitalia-nel-mondo\/","title":{"rendered":"De Italia al mundo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La emigraci\u00f3n italiana se prolong\u00f3 desde las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas del siglo XIX hasta los a\u00f1os setenta y se caracteriz\u00f3 por la dispersi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica por todo el mundo. Los llamados \"factores de expulsi\u00f3n\" se refer\u00edan a la agricultura, amenazada por las importaciones baratas de trigo y otros cereales estadounidenses, la competencia de algunos pa\u00edses europeos en el comercio del aceite y el vino y, sobre todo en las regiones meridionales, la extensi\u00f3n del latifundio y la pr\u00e1ctica de t\u00e9cnicas culturales primitivas.<\/p>\n<p>La maleta ha sido durante mucho tiempo el s\u00edmbolo de la emigraci\u00f3n. Antes de la maleta exist\u00eda el \"fardo\": un trozo de tela, un chal en el mejor de los casos, en el que se envolv\u00edan las cosas para llevarlas al nuevo pa\u00eds. La palabra \"infagottare\" se utiliza mucho en sentido figurado: cubrir, vestir, liar a una persona con ropa, telas pesadas y abundantes para hacer un fardo. En algunas de las fotos publicadas aqu\u00ed, se puede ver a mujeres \"liadas\"; ellas mismas son equipaje en el sentido de que llevan m\u00e1s ropa, en capas, para no dejar sus posesiones, pobres y por tanto preciosas, desatendidas en las bodegas.<\/p>\n<p>Y en el fardo, o en la maleta, hab\u00eda todo un \"mundo\": recuerdos de familiares ahora lejanos, una nota para un pariente o un paisano, a veces una carta de presentaci\u00f3n para alguien que, se esperaba, podr\u00eda prestar ayuda, comida, un instrumento musical... un mundo, en efecto.<\/p>\n<p>Y tambi\u00e9n, para los m\u00e1s previsores, un vocabulario \"h\u00e1galo usted mismo\". En los Archivos Cresci hay un cuadernillo de vocabulario ingl\u00e9s, en el que se pueden leer frases como: 'Ianmen, ai nide bai santin ciu it, iu uil scio mi becher sciop Giovanotto, io abbisogno comprare qualche cosa da mangiare, voi volete mostrare me bettiere bottega'.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/foto-stazione6-1280x1010-1.jpg\" alt=\"Emigrantes saliendo de una estaci\u00f3n de ferrocarril, 1908\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1010\" width=\"1280\" title=\"foto-stazione6-1280x1010\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\">\n\t\tEmigrantes saliendo de una estaci\u00f3n de ferrocarril, 1908\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LAS RAZONES DE LA PARTIDA - Emigraci\u00f3n italiana\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JvOygYcQpMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-dallitalia-nel-mondo\"><li id=\"menu-item-221\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/\">De Italia al mundo<\/a>\n<ul>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/las-causas-de-la-salida\/\">Las causas del abandono<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-223\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/documentos-para-salir\/\">Documentos de salida<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-222\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/agentes-de-demigracion\/\">Agentes de emigraci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-225\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/guias-para-emigrantes\/\">Gu\u00edas para emigrantes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/de-italia-en-el-mundo\/para-lemigrante\/\">Para el emigrante<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;emigrazione italiana si \u00e8 protratta dagli ultimi decenni dell&#8217; Ottocento sino agli anni Settanta del Novecento ed \u00e8 stata caratterizzata da una dispersione geografica in tutto il mondo. Quelli che vengono definiti &#8220;fattori di espulsione&#8221; riguardavano l&#8217;agricoltura, minacciata dalle importazioni a basso prezzo di grano americano e di altri cereali, dalla concorrenza di alcuni paesi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3111,"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions\/3111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museoemigrazioneitaliana.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}